export titanium dioxide

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Lithopone or sulphide of zinc white has been in general use for twenty years or more in many industries where a white pigment of considerable body or hiding power is required that is not subject to change like lead carbonate and has not the brittle character of zinc oxide, besides being sold at a lower figure than either of these. Nevertheless it is still comparatively new to the general painting trade. Because of our tariff protection its manufacture in this country has made great progress. Yet in spite of this and the duty imposed on it, the imports are still in excess of the quantity manufactured here. A short history of its origin will no doubt prove of interest to our readers.

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Some websites maintain titanium dioxide is inferior to zinc oxide, another mineral sunscreen ingredient whose core characteristics are similar to those of titanium dioxide. The reality is that titanium dioxide is a great broad-spectrum SPF ingredient and is widely used in all manner of sun-protection products. What gets confusing for some consumers is trying to decipher research that ranks sunscreen ingredients by a UV spectrum graph. By most standards, broad-spectrum coverage for sunscreen ingredients is defined as one that surpasses 360 nanometers (abbreviated as “nm” - how the sun’s rays are measured). Titanium dioxide exceeds this range of protection, but depending on whose research you read, it either performs as well as or slightly below zinc oxide.

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After settling, the clear solution containing the titanium oxide, is run oil andfurther processed, whereby a roduct is obtained containing approximate y 35 per cent titanium oxide, 2 per cent sulphuric acid and 63 per cent of water. This product is known in the trade as titanium acid cake. It is a plastic mags having somewhat the consistency of mu 1 ljha've discovered that lithopone can be greatly improved by the suitable use of this titanium acid cake, and that the results obtained are dependent to a large extent upon the methods'by which this titanium acid cake is used,'in the production of lithopone.

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I will now describe some typical methods of practicing my invention, whereby lithopone of any desired grade may be produced. One of the known grades of lithopone as prepared and mixed for the trade contains sev- 6o enteen per cent. of zinc sullid. To produce this grade and a by-product of hydrosulfid of sodium, for example, I proceed as follows: The usual precautions, it will be understood, mustbe taken in preparing or for insuring the purity of the several ingredients used; but these preliminaries do not require description here. Separate aqueous solutions of the following ingredients in the proportions named are prepared: zinc sulfate, one x hundred and sixty-one pounds; barium sulfid, three hundred and thirty-eight pounds, and sodium bisulfate one hundred and twenty pounds. These ingredients, it will be recognized, are readily soluble in water. The separate solutions are then mixed and the following chemical reaction at once takes place:

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